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Landscape degree day information
Growing degree days > landscape degree day information
Insect Life stage GDD50 Relevant degree day maps Reference
American plum borer adult flight and egg laying 245-440 250, 300, 450 1
American plum borer 2nd generation 1375-1500 1350, 1400, 1500 1
Arborvitae leafminer larvae in mines; 1st generation 245-360 250, 300, 350 1
Arborvitae leafminer 2nd generation 533-700 500, 600, 700 1
Arborvitae leafminer 3rd generation 1700-2100 1700, 1900, 2000 1
Balsam gall midge adults laying eggs 150-300 150, 200, 300 3
Balsam gall midge galls apparent 550-700 550, 650, 700 3
Balsam twig aphid egg hatch 60-100 50, 100 4
Balsam twig aphid stem mothers present 100-140 100, 150 4
* (control target) * * *
Banded ash clearwing borer adult emergence 1800-2200 1800, 1900, 2000 1,2
Beech scale eggs present 800 800 3
Beech scale egg hatch; 1st crawlers 1250 1250 3
Birch leafminer 1st adult emergence 175-215 150, 200 1
Birch leafminer Adults laying eggs 275-375 250, 300, 350 2
Birch leafminer larvae and pupae 375-500 350, 400, 500 2
Birch leafminer adults and egg laying; 2nd generation 600-700 600, 700 2
Black pineleaf scale egg hatch 1068 1050 1
Bronze birch borer adults; eggs; new grubs 400-600 400, 500, 600 1,2
Cankerworm young caterpillars 100-200 100, 200 1
Cooley spruce gall adelgid 1st adults active - Spruce 25-120 50, 100 3
* (control target) * * *
Cooley spruce gall adelgid 1st galls visible - Spruce 200-310 200, 250, 300 3
Cooley spruce gall adelgid 1st adults active - Douglas fir 90-180 100, 150 1
Cooley spruce gall adelgid 1st nymphs - Douglas fir 90-150 100, 150 3
* (control target) * * *
Cooley spruce gall adelgid 2nd nymphs - Douglas fir 600-1000 600, 800, 1000 3
* (control target) * * *
Cooley spruce gall adelgid 2nd adults active 1500-1600 1500, 1550, 1600 3
* (control target) * * *
Cottony maple scale adults & yellow crawlers on leaf veins 802-1200 800, 950, 1200 1,2
Dogwood borer adults, eggs, caterpillars 350-850 350, 550, 850 1,2
Eastern pine shoot borer 1st adults active 75-200 50, 100, 200 3
Eastern spruce gall adelgid 1st adults active 25-100 50, 100 3
* (control target) * * *
Eastern spruce gall adelgid egg hatch, galls begin forming 250-310 250, 300 1,3
Eastern spruce gall adelgid 2nd adults active 1500-1600 1500, 1550, 1600 3
* (control target) * * *
Eastern tent caterpillar egg hatch 45-100 50, 100 1,2,3
Eastern tent caterpillar tents apparent 150 150 3
Eastern tent caterpillar pupation 450 450 3
Elm leaf beetle 1st generation 400-600 400, 500, 600 1
Elm leaf beetle 2nd generation 1300 1300 1
Elm leafminer adult emergence 215-240 200, 250 1
Elm leafminer 1st generation larvae 365-530 350, 450, 550 2
Emerald ash borer 1st adult emergence 400-500 400, 500 3
Emerald ash borer peak adult activity 1000-1200 1000, 1100, 1200 *
Euonymus scale egg hatch - 1st generation 400-575 400, 500, 550 1
Euonymus scale egg hatch - 2nd generation 1900-1050 * 1
European pine sawfly 1st larvae 100-195 100, 150, 200 1,3
European pine shoot moth 1st larvae 50-220 50, 100, 200 3
European pine shoot moth egg hatch 900-1000 900, 950, 1000 3
European pine shoot moth adults active 700-800 700, 750, 800 3
Fall webworm egg hatch 850-900 850, 900 1
Fall webworm caterpillars feeding 1200-1800 1200, 1500, 1800 2
Fall webworm tents become apparent 1850-2050 1850, 1900, 2000 3
Fletcher scale egg hatch 850-900 850, 900 1
Forest tent caterpillar egg hatch 125-250 100, 150, 250 3
Forest tent caterpillar pupation 450 450 3
Forest tent caterpillar tachinid parasitic flies abundant 450-550 450, 500, 550 3
Forest tent caterpillar sarcophagid parasitic flies abundant 750-850 750, 800, 850 *
* ("government fly" or "friendly fly") * * 3
Golden oak scale Egg hatch 680-700 650, 700 1
Greater peach tree borer adult emergence 575-710 550, 650, 700 1
Gypsy moth egg hatch, 1st larvae 145-200 150, 200 1, 3
Gypsy moth young caterpillars 450 450 1
Gypsy moth pupation 900-1200 900, 1000, 1200 3
Honeylocust spider mite egg hatch 220-250 200, 250 1
Honeylocust plant bug egg hatch 220-250 200, 250 1,3
Introduced pine sawfly 1st larvae 400-600 400, 500, 600 3
Imported willow leaf beetle Adults active 120-275 150, 250, 300 1
Jack pine budworm young larvae feeding 300-350 300, 350 3
Jack pine budworm large larvae feeding - defoliation apparent 650-700 650, 700 3
Jack pine sawfly eggs; young larvae 100-200 100, 150, 200 1
Jack pine sawfly larger larvae consuming needles 275-500 250, 350, 500 1
Japanese beetle adults emerge and feed 950-2150 950, 1500, 2000 1,2
Juniper scale egg hatch 550-700 550, 600, 700 1
Larch casebearer egg hatch 120-150 100, 150 1
Large aspen tortrix pupation 600-700 600, 700 3
Lesser peach tree borer adult flight 350-375 300, 350, 400 1,2
Lilac borer adult flight 325-350 300, 350 1,2
Magnolia scale egg hatch 1925-1950 1900, 2000 1
Mimosa webworm egg hatch - 1st generation 850-900 850, 900 1
Northern pine weevil 1st adults active 25-100 50, 100 3
Northern pine weevil 2nd adults active 1200-1400 1200, 1300, 1400 3
Oystershell scale egg hatch 350-500 350, 400, 500 1
Pales weevil 1st adults active 25-100 50, 100 3
Pales weevil 2nd adults active 1200-1400 1200, 1300, 1400 3
Pine chafer (Anomela beetle) 1st adults active 450-600 450, 500, 600 3
Pine engraver (Ips bark beetle)1st adults active 100-150 100, 150 1
Pine needle midge 1st adults active 400-500 400, 450, 500 3
Pine needle scale 1st generation egg hatch 250-400 250, 300, 400 1,3,5,7
Pine needle scale 1st generation - hyaline stage 400-500 400, 500 5
* (control target) * * *
Pine needle scale 2nd generation egg hatch 1250-1350 1250, 1300, 1350 1,3,5
Pine needle scale 2nd generation - hyaline stage 1500 1500 5
* (control target) * * *
Pine root collar weevil 1st adults active 300-350 300, 350 3
Pine root collar weevil 2nd adults active 1200-1400 1200, 1300, 1400 3
Pine shoot beetle new adults emerge; begin shoot-feeding 500-550 500, 550 6
Pine shoot beetle optimal control window 450-500 450, 500 6
Pine tortoise scale egg hatch begins; 1st crawlers 400-500 400, 450, 500 3
Pine tortoise scale egg hatch ends; last of the crawlers 1000-1200 1000, 1100, 1200 3
Pine tube moth adults; egg laying; caterpillars 90-250 100, 200, 250 1
Red-headed pine sawfly 1st larvae 400-600 400, 500, 600 3
Spruce budscale egg hatch, 1st crawlers 700-1150 700, 900, 1150 1,3
Spruce budworm 1st larvae 200-300 200, 250, 300 3
Spruce needleminer 1st larvae 150-200 150, 200 3
Spruce spider mite 1st egg hatch 150-175 150, 200 1,3
Striped pine scale egg hatch 750-800 750, 800 1
Turpentine beetle parent beetles colonizing brood material 300-350 300, 350 3
Walnut caterpillar egg hatch; caterpillars 1600-1700 1600, 1650, 1700 1
White pine weevil 1st adults active 25-220 50, 100, 200 3
White pine weevil 2nd adults active 1200-1400 1200, 1300, 1400 3
Zimmerman pine moth 1st larvae 25-100 50, 100 7
Zimmerman pine moth adult flight 1700 1700 1
References
1 = Herms,D.A. Using degree days and plant phenology to predict pest activity. Chapter 11. Tactics and Tools for IPM.
2 = Sadof, C.S. 1994. Recommendations for managing insects and mites on shade trees and shrubs. Purdue University, Dept. of Entomology publication E-41. West Lafayette, IN. 117 p.
3 = MSU observations
4 = Fondren, K. and D.G. McCullough. 2002. Biology and management of balsam twig aphid. MSU Extension bulletin E-2813. 4 p.
5 = Fondren, K. and D.G. McCullough. 2002. Biology and management of pine needle scale. MSU Extension bulletin E-2812. 4 p.
6 = McCullough, D.G. and C.S. Sadof. 1998. Evaluation of an integrated management and compliance program for Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in pine Christmas tree fields. Forum Article, Journal of Economic Entomology 91:785-795.
7 = Eliason, E.A. and D.G. McCullough. 1997. Survival and fecundity of three insects reared on four varieties of Scotch pine Christmas trees. Journal of Economic Entomology 90:1598-1608.
The MSU IPM Program maintains this site as an access point to pest management information at MSU. The IPM Program is administered within the Department of Entomology, fueled by research from the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station, delivered to citizens through MSU Extension, and proud to be a part of Project GREEEN.
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01/09/08